przez nonkan » Pn, 15 wrz 2014, 11:27
There has been only one small (N= 8) adult follow-up study of children with NVLD (Rourke, Young, Strang, & Russell, 1986). In that study, the outcomes were poor: All of the subjects exhibited continuing emotional and social difficulties and were working in jobs below their educational level. Some had been diagnosed with schizophrenia as adults. These results are consistent with the kinds of problems found in the adult patients described by Tranel et al. (1987) and Weintraub and Mesulam (1983). Rourke (1989) reports that although children with NVLD may present with characteristics of ADHD in the early school years, their clinical symptoms switch to internalizing ones later, including a higher rate of suicidal behavior in adolescence.
Because the subjects in all these studies were ascertained clinically, we really do not know what proportion of children with visual–spatial deficits have (and do not have) concomitant social and emotional problems, and what proportion of each of these groups has social and emotional problems as adults. We do know that the adult outcome of patients with Turner syndrome, who have visual–spatial deficits, is quite like that of typical individuals in many cases, so the same dissociation is likely to hold in idiopathic cases of NVLD.
In terms of early development, the only data available are from retrospective case histories. Strang and Rourke (1985a) summarized these data; they reported greater delays in motor than in language (sic!) milestones; decreased exploratory activity; hypoactivity, echolalia (sic!), and other pragmatic deficiencies in language usage; hyperlexia in some cases; poor peer relations; and overdependency on parents. This type of early history is reminiscent of that seen in children with higher-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome.
Once again, we are faced with the issue of the degree of overlap between NVLD and ASD. Rourke (1989) believes that what he calls NVLD and Asperger syndrome overlap considerably, whereas he views autism as distinct because of the greater language pathology in most autistic children.
In a later study, Rourke and colleagues (Klin, Volkmar, Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Rourke, 1995) applied Rourke’s diagnostic criteria for NVLD to a series of cases previously diagnosed by clinical experts as having Asperger syndrome. They found a very high rate of NVLD in the sample of individuals with Asperger syndrome. This suggests that Rourke’s syndrome of
NVLD may be equivalent to Asperger syndrome, in which case we do not need both categories. Clinicians attempting to make a differential diagnosis between NVLD and Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism (M. T. Stein, Klin, & Miller, 2004) may be faced with an impossible task.
(...)
The early development of children with Turner syndrome (Berch & Bender,
1990; Robinson, Lubs, & Bergson, 1979) is different from the early devel-
opmental profile of children with NVLD just presented. These girls do not
have motor milestone delays, echolalia or other obvious pragmatic deficien-
cies, or the kinds of social problems exhibited by children with NVLD.
http://www.iranot.ir/Home/GetPhoto/1003?PType=eduPdfZ echolalii zrobiono symptom NVLD.
Hypersensitivity
Children with NLD can be extra sensitive to all 5 senses and the triggers and severity vary with each individual. For most, the sound of a ticking clock or an itchy clothing tag can become painful.
Other things they may find uncomfortable are the smell of soap, spicy food, or the feeling of chlorine after being in a pool. Many hate the feeling of moisturizers (even the non-greasy formulas still feel greasy to them) and will go with painfully dry skin to avoid it.
Personal grooming seems to suffer because of these sensitivities, as the child may dislike the tingle of mint toothpaste and the feeling of a toothbrush on sensitive gums.
http://www.weirdnotstupid.com/whatisnld.php
[quote]There has been only one small (N= 8) adult follow-up study of children with NVLD (Rourke, Young, Strang, & Russell, 1986).[u] In that study, the outcomes were poor: All of the subjects exhibited continuing emotional and social difficulties and were working in jobs below their educational level.[/u] [b]Some had been diagnosed with schizophrenia as adults.[/b] These results are consistent with the kinds of problems found in the adult patients described by Tranel et al. (1987) and Weintraub and Mesulam (1983). Rourke (1989) reports that although children with NVLD may present with characteristics of ADHD in the early school years, their clinical symptoms switch to internalizing ones later, including a higher rate of suicidal behavior in adolescence.
Because the subjects in all these studies were ascertained clinically, we really do not know what proportion of children with visual–spatial deficits have (and do not have) concomitant social and emotional problems, and what proportion of each of these groups has social and emotional problems as adults. We do know that the adult outcome of patients with Turner syndrome, who have visual–spatial deficits, is quite like that of typical individuals in many cases, so the same dissociation is likely to hold in idiopathic cases of NVLD.
In terms of early development, the only data available are from retrospective case histories. Strang and Rourke (1985a) summarized these data; they reported [b]greater delays in motor than in language (sic!) milestones[/b]; decreased exploratory activity; hypoactivity, [b]echolalia (sic!)[/b], and other pragmatic deficiencies in language usage; hyperlexia in some cases; poor peer relations; and overdependency on parents. This type of early history is reminiscent of that seen in children with higher-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome.
Once again, we are faced with the issue of the degree of overlap between NVLD and ASD. Rourke (1989) believes that what he calls NVLD and Asperger syndrome overlap considerably, whereas he views autism as distinct because of the greater language pathology in most autistic children.
In a later study, Rourke and colleagues (Klin, Volkmar, Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Rourke, 1995) applied Rourke’s diagnostic criteria for NVLD to a series of cases previously diagnosed by clinical experts as having Asperger syndrome. They found a very high rate of NVLD in the sample of individuals with Asperger syndrome. This suggests that Rourke’s syndrome of
NVLD may be equivalent to Asperger syndrome, in which case we do not need both categories. Clinicians attempting to make a differential diagnosis between NVLD and Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism (M. T. Stein, Klin, & Miller, 2004) may be faced with an impossible task.
(...)
The early development of children with Turner syndrome (Berch & Bender,
1990; Robinson, Lubs, & Bergson, 1979) is different from the early devel-
opmental profile of children with NVLD just presented. These girls do not
have motor milestone delays, [b]echolalia [/b]or other obvious pragmatic deficien-
cies, or the kinds of social problems exhibited by children with NVLD.[/quote]
http://www.iranot.ir/Home/GetPhoto/1003?PType=eduPdf
Z echolalii zrobiono symptom NVLD.
[quote]
Hypersensitivity
Children with NLD can be extra sensitive to all 5 senses and the triggers and severity vary with each individual. [b]For most, the [u]sound of a ticking clock [/u]or an itchy clothing tag can become painful.[/b]
[b]Other things they may find uncomfortable are the smell of soap[/b], spicy food, or the feeling of chlorine after being in a pool. Many hate the feeling of moisturizers (even the non-greasy formulas still feel greasy to them) and will go with painfully dry skin to avoid it.
Personal grooming seems to suffer because of these sensitivities, as the [b]child may dislike the tingle of mint toothpaste[/b] and the feeling of a toothbrush on sensitive gums.[/quote]
http://www.weirdnotstupid.com/whatisnld.php